Is The Unites States Political System A Legitimate Democracy In Any S

Is the Unites States Political System a Legitimate Democracy? In any system which claims to be democratic, a question of its legitimacy remains. A truly democratic political system has certain characteristics which prove its legitimacy with their existence. One essential characteristic of a legitimate democracy is that it allows people to freely make choices without government intervention. Another necessary characteristic which legitimates government is that every vote must count equally: one vote for every person. For this equality to occur, all people must be subject to the same laws, have equal civil rights, and be allowed to freely express their ideas. Minority rights are also crucial in a legitimate democracy. No matter how unpopular their views, all people should enjoy the freedoms of speech, press and assembly. Public policy should be made publicly, not secretly, and regularly scheduled elections should be held. Since "legitimacy" may be defined as "the feeling or opinio n the people have that government is based upon morally defensible principles and that they should therefore obey it," then there must necessarily be a connection between what the people want and what the government is doing if legitimacy is to occur. The U.S. government may be considered legitimate in some aspects, and illegitimate in others. Because voting is class-biased, it may not be classified as a completely legitimate process. Although in theory the American system calls for one vote per person, the low rate of turnout results in the upper and middle classes ultimately choosing candidates for the entire nation. Class is determined by income and education, and differing levels of these two factors can help explain why class bias occurs. For example, because educated people tend to understand politics more, they are more likely to vote. People with high income and education also have more resources, and poor people tend to have low political efficacy (feelings of low self -worth). Turnout, therefore, is low and, since the early 1960s, has been declining overall. The "winner-take-all" system in elections may be criticized for being undemocratic because the proportion of people agreeing with a particular candidate on a certain issue may not be adequately represented under this system. For example, "a candidate who gets 40 percent of the vote, as long as he gets more votes than any other candidate, can be elected?even though sixty percent of the voters voted against him"(Lind, 314). Political parties in America are weak due to the anti-party, anti-organization, and anti-politics cultural prejudices of the Classical Liberals. Because in the U.S. there is no national discipline to force citizens into identifying with a political party, partisan identification tends to be an informal psychological commitment to a party. This informality allows people to be apathetic if they wish, willingly giving up their input into the political process. Though th is apathy is the result of greater freedom in America than in other countries, it ultimately decreases citizens' incentive to express their opinions about issues, therefore making democracy less legitimate. Private interests distort public policy making because, when making decisions, politicians must take account of campaign contributors. An "interest" may be defined as "any involvement in anything that affects the economic, social, or emotional well-being of a person." When interests become organized into groups, then politicians may become biased due to their influences. "Special interests buy favors from congressmen and presidents through political action committees (PACs), devices by which groups like corporations, professional associations, trade unions, investment banking groups?can pool their money and give up to $10,000 per election to each House and Senate candidate"(Lind, 157). Consequently, those people who do not become organized into interest groups are likely to b e underrepresented financially. This leads to further inequality and, therefore, greater illegitimacy in the democratic system. The method in which we elect the President is fairly legitimate. The electoral college consists of representatives who we elect, who then elect the President. Because this fills the requirement of regularly scheduled elections, it is a legitimate process. The President is extremely powerful in foreign policy making; so powerful that scholars now speak of the "Imperial Presidency," implying that the President runs foreign policy as an emperor. The President is the chief diplomat, negotiator of treaties, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Is The Unites States Political System A Legitimate Democracy In Any S Is the Unites States Political System a Legitimate Democracy? In any system which claims to be democratic, a question of its legitimacy remains. A truly democratic political system has certain characteristics which prove its legitimacy with their existence. One essential characteristic of a legitimate democracy is that it allows people to freely make choices without government intervention. Another necessary characteristic which legitimates government is that every vote must count equally: one vote for every person. For this equality to occur, all people must be subject to the same laws, have equal civil rights, and be allowed to freely express their ideas. Minority rights are also crucial in a legitimate democracy. No matter how unpopular their views, all people should enjoy the freedoms of speech, press and assembly. Public policy should be made publicly, not secretly, and regularly scheduled elections should be held. Since "legitimacy" may be defined as "the feeling or opinio n the people have that government is based upon morally defensible principles and that they should therefore obey it," then there must necessarily be a connection between what the people want and what the government is doing if legitimacy is to occur. The U.S. government may be considered legitimate in some aspects, and illegitimate in others. Because voting is class-biased, it may not be classified as a completely legitimate process. Although in theory the American system calls for one vote per person, the low rate of turnout results in the upper and middle classes ultimately choosing candidates for the entire nation. Class is determined by income and education, and differing levels of these two factors can help explain why class bias occurs. For example, because educated people tend to understand politics more, they are more likely to vote. People with high income and education also have more resources, and poor people tend to have low political efficacy (feelings of low self -worth). Turnout, therefore, is low and, since the early 1960s, has been declining overall. The "winner-take-all" system in elections may be criticized for being undemocratic because the proportion of people agreeing with a particular candidate on a certain issue may not be adequately represented under this system. For example, "a candidate who gets 40 percent of the vote, as long as he gets more votes than any other candidate, can be elected?even though sixty percent of the voters voted against him"(Lind, 314). Political parties in America are weak due to the anti-party, anti-organization, and anti-politics cultural prejudices of the Classical Liberals. Because in the U.S. there is no national discipline to force citizens into identifying with a political party, partisan identification tends to be an informal psychological commitment to a party. This informality allows people to be apathetic if they wish, willingly giving up their input into the political process. Though th is apathy is the result of greater freedom in America than in other countries, it ultimately decreases citizens' incentive to express their opinions about issues, therefore making democracy less legitimate. Private interests distort public policy making because, when making decisions, politicians must take account of campaign contributors. An "interest" may be defined as "any involvement in anything that affects the economic, social, or emotional well-being of a person." When interests become organized into groups, then politicians may become biased due to their influences. "Special interests buy favors from congressmen and presidents through political action committees (PACs), devices by which groups like corporations, professional associations, trade unions, investment banking groups?can pool their money and give up to $10,000 per election to each House and Senate candidate"(Lind, 157). Consequently, those people who do not become organized into interest groups are likely to b e underrepresented financially. This leads to further inequality and, therefore, greater illegitimacy in the democratic system. The method in which we elect the President is fairly legitimate. The electoral college consists of representatives who we elect, who then elect the President. Because this fills the requirement of regularly scheduled elections, it is a legitimate process. The President is extremely powerful in foreign policy making; so powerful that scholars now speak of the "Imperial Presidency," implying that the President runs foreign policy as an emperor. The President is the chief diplomat, negotiator of treaties, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

Free sample - Celiac Disease. translation missing

Celiac Disease. Celiac DiseaseCeliac disease affects the small intestines. When one has a celiac disease there is allergic reaction in the small intestines towards gluten that is commonly found in wheat, barley and oats. This immunological reaction results in an inflammation that destroys the inner lining of the small intestines (Fasano Troncone, 2008). This eventually reduces the absorption of important nutrients into the body leading to symptoms of mineral and vitamin deficiencies. Celiac disease is also referred to as non-tropical sprue or gluten enteropathy Celiac disease is mostly common in European countries such as Sweden, Italy and Ireland. United States has also indicated a high prevalence rate in Celiac disease though the symptoms of this disease are only visible in the late stages of life. Causes The allergic reaction towards gluten in the small intestines causes inflammation that completely destroys the small intestines. Evidence has shown that this reaction is partially inherited and genetic. This implies that around 11% of first degree relatives of persons with celiac disease have high chances of getting the disease (Fasano Troncone, 2008).   Similarly, around 35% of fraternal twins, and 65% of identical twins have high chances of both the twins having the disease. There are also some specific genes that are only available with individuals with celiac disease Gluten is a type of protein that is present in wheat and comprises of some proteins called gliadin that dissolves in alcohol. The immunological reaction common in celiac disease is caused by the gliadin. Upon the reaction, gliadin becomes toxic and destroys the inner lining of the small intestines. Proteins such as gliadin are formed by long chains of amino acids that are attached to each other. The digestive enzymes present in the small intestines break proteins into smaller chains of amino acids for facilitation of easier absorption (Thompson, 2006).   The allergic reaction in the small intestines could be because gliadin is not completely broken down by the intestinal enzymes causing some long chains of amino acids to remain unbroken. These chains penetrate the cells at the inner intestines and hence causing the damage to the intestinal cells. One of the longer chains of the amino acids attaches to the tissue transglutaminase. In persons with celiac disease, this combination causes an immune reaction that destroys the intestinal cells. Foods that contain gliadin-like proteins such as barley and rye end up causing celiac disease in persons who are genetically predisposed (Thompson, 2006). Oats contain gliadin that cause weak inflammation and only attacks few individuals who are predisposed to get celiac disease. Corn and rice do not cause celiac disease because they lack gliadin-like proteins. Effects in the Small Intestine The inner lining of small intestines has finger-like projections known as villi. They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients into the blood stream (Blummer, 2010).  Ã‚   The presence of celiac disease destroys the villi through inflammation making the inner lining of the small intestine to be flattened. When the villi are destroyed, it leads to mal-absorption of nutrients that eventually leads to nutrients’ deficiencies, a condition called malnutrition.   The extent of the damage at the small intestines varies from patient to patient and determines the magnitude of the signs and symptoms of the celiac disease. If all the small are affected by the inflammation, then the patient is bound to have rigorous symptoms of mal-absorption. Signs and Symptoms The symptoms for celiac disease range from mild to more advanced signs (Fasano Troncone, 2008). There generally two sets of signs and symptoms namely; symptoms due to mal-absorption and symptoms due to mal-nutrition of vitamins and minerals. Signs and Symptoms of Mal-absorption Celiac disease reduces the absorption of crucial nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Absorption of fat is affected more than the other nutrients and hence most of the gastrointestinal symptoms of celiac disease are caused by the inadequate absorption of fat or fat mal-absorption. Some of these symptoms include diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal bloating and high amounts of aft in the stool (steatorrhea) (Blummer, 2010).   Diarrhea occurs when the unabsorbed fats are broken down into fatty acids by the intestinal bacteria. The fatty acids enhance the secretion of water into the intestine and hence resulting into diarrhea. The fatty stools are voluminous and have foul smell, are greasy and light grey in color and have tendencies of floating in the toilet bowl. Sometimes oil droplets from undigested fats may be spotted floating on water. Mal-absorption of carbohydrates and especially sugar lactose that is common in milk is experienced by patients suffering from celiac disease. Lactose consists of glucose and galactose and has to split into these sugars for it to be absorbed in the body (Thompson, 2006).  Ã‚   Lactase, which is the enzyme responsible for splitting glucose and galactose, is situated on the surface of the small intestinal villi. The damage of the intestinal wall due to inflammation causes mal-absorption of lactose in patients suffering from celiac disease. Symptoms of lactose mal-absorption include diarrhea, flatulence (passing of gas), pain in the abdomen and bloating. These symptoms are as a result of the unabsorped lactose passing into the colon where it is split into galactose and glucose by the bacteria present in the colon. Gases released by the bacteria are hydrogen and methane and are responsible for the flatulence. Increased gas in the stool also cause the floating of the stool in the toilet bowl. Signs and Symptoms of Mal-nutrition Some of the symptoms for nutrient deficiency include; loss of weight, fluid retention, anemia, bruising easily, peripheral neuropathy or nerve damage, osteoporosis, infertility and general muscle weakness. Weight loss is caused by the mal-absorption of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Celiac disease causes increased appetite in the patients and therefore weight loss does not always occur. Protein is responsible of preventing fluid from leaking out of blood vessels and hence the reduction in protein levels causes fluid to leak into many tissues (edema) such as ankles and feet causing swelling of the same (Thompson, 2006).  Ã‚   Easy bruising is caused by mal-absorption of vitamin K leading to lack of blood clotting. Nerve damage is caused is caused by the deficiency of thiamine and vitamins B12, and may lead to poor balance, muscle weakness and numbness. Infertility normally occurs in women when the celiac disease is untreated. Muscle weakness is caused by low levels of magnesium a nd potassium. How Celiac Disease is diagnosed Symptoms associate with celiac disease may also be experienced in patients with other diseases such as Crohn’s disease and pancreatic problems (Blummer, 2010).   It is therefore important to carry out necessary testing to confirm celiac disease. Some of the recommended tests include small intestinal biopsy and specific antibody tests. Blood tests may also be performed to check vitamin deficiencies. Treatment of Celiac Disease There is no known cure for celiac disease and therefore gluten free diet is used as a form of treatment (Thompson, 2006).   Foods made from rye, barley and wheat should be avoided completely. Some tablets that might contain gluten should also be avoided by persons with celiac disease. Drugs for Celiac Disease Treatment Drugs used for the treatment of celiac disease are mostly food supplements for replacing nutrients that are lacking in the body (Fasano Troncone, 2008). Some of the drugs include; Dapsone, Effexor, Levaquin, Nexium, Prozac, Probiotics, Synthroid, Protonix and many more. References Blummer, I. (2010). Celiac Disease for Dummies. Chicago: For Dummies. Fasano, A., Troncone, R. ( 2008). Frontiers in Celiac Disease. London: Karger Publishers. Thompson, D. (2006). Ciliac disease nutrition guide. New York: American Diatetic Association.

Ivory Soap in the Microwave - Heat Makes Foam

Ivory Soap in the Microwave - Heat Makes Foam If you unwrap a bar of Ivoryâ„ ¢ soap and microwave it, the soap will expand into a foam that is more than six times the size of the original bar. Its a fun trick that wont hurt either your microwave or the soap. This soap trick can be used to demonstrate closed-cell foam formation, physical change, and Charles Law. Soap Trick Materials Bar of Ivoryâ„ ¢ soapPaper towel or microwave-safe dishMicrowave ovenOther brands of soap for comparison (optional) Perform the Soap Trick Unwrap a bar of Ivoryâ„ ¢ soap.Place the bar of soap on a paper towel or microwave-safe dish.Microwave your soap. Watch the soap closely to see what happens.Depending on microwave power, your soap will reach its maximum volume within 90 seconds to 2 minutes. If you microwave the soap longer (we  went up to 6 minutes) nothing bad will happen, but the soap wont continue to grow.Allow the soap to cool for a minute or two before touching it.The soap will feel brittle and flaky, but its still soap, with the same cleaning power as before. Go ahead and get it wet and youll see it lathers the same as ever. About Foams A foam is any material that traps a gas inside a cells of foams include shaving cream, whipped cream, Styrofoamâ„ ¢, and even bone. Foams can be fluid or solid, squishy or rigid. Many foams are polymers, but the type of molecule isnt what defines whether or not something is a foam. How the Soap Trick Works Two processes occur when you microwave the soap. First, you are heating the soap, which softens it. Second, you are heating the air and water trapped inside the soap, causing the water to vaporize and the air to expand. The expanding gasses push on the softened soap, causing it to expand and become a foam. Popping popcorn works in much the same way. When you microwave Ivoryâ„ ¢, the appearance of the soap is changed, but no chemical reaction occurs. This is an example of a physical change. It also demonstrates Charles Law, which states the volume of a gas increases with its temperature. The microwaves impart energy into the soap, water, and air molecules, causing them to move faster and further away from each other. The result is that the soap puffs up. Other brands of soap dont contain as much whipped air and simply melt in the microwave. Things to Try Place a bar of Ivoryâ„ ¢ in a bowl of water. Does it float? Try this with other brands of soap. Do they float or sink?Cut or break off a piece of Ivoryâ„ ¢ and examine it. Do you see pockets of air? The air that causes Ivoryâ„ ¢ to be less dense than water has been whipped into the soap, so you wont see bubbles or pockets of air. This is important because its the reason why the soap trick works.Try microwaving other brands of soap. Soap Trick Safety Dont leave the microwave unattended while microwaving soap.Dont place metal in the microwave.Be aware that while microwaving soap will not harm either your microwave or the soap, it will cause your microwave to smell floral and pretty for several hours.Wash your hands after playing with soap so that you dont accidentally eat it (though its not toxic) or get it in your eyes (which would burn).

Hispanic Gangs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hispanic Gangs - Essay Example During a time of recession, this information sheds more light on the impact crime has on our society. Combined with the very real struggle law enforcement agencies face to retain employees and maintain budgets, the report signals a very serious factor degrading our communities." (US Crime Affects Economy, 13 March 2009). "There are about 500 Sureo Hispanic gangs in Los Angeles County representing over 50% of the gang memberbership. They are more geographically distributed throughout the region and are found in significant numbers in the San Fernando Valley, San Gabriel Valley, the Beach communities, Long Beach, Compton and South Los Angeles." (Hispanic Gangs in Los Angeles, 13 March 2009). The 18th street gang is very popular when it comes to Hispanic gangs in LA. The number of members of this gang range between 8000-15000 gang members. It is believed that this gang originated from the Clanton 14 street gang, the gang is further subdivided into 5 parts in order to ensure a better functioning of the gang. Most of the members belonging to this gang are of the Mexican origin and it was initially decided that only Mexican citizens would be allowed to join this gang, this was however altered later on. The gang does not have a central leader and it is fair to say that it is loosely structured. There is no leader to lead the gang and to take care of the smooth functioning of this gang. The members of this gang function individually; they however join hands when a rival gang attacks their gang. The members of this gang are easily identified by the tattoos on their body. Every gang member has the tattoo of no 18 on their body in order to make the identification process easier. "Some estimates of the 18th are as low as 8,000 members. The notoriety of the gang is based on four distinct barrios, three near downtown Los Angeles west of the Staple's Center and the 110 Freeway, and one in the West Adams area." (18th Street Gang in Los Angeles County, 13 March 2009). The no 18 is displayed with the help of a tattoo and it is usually in roman numbers. There is another tattoo that is mutually exclusive to this gang. Most of the members have the tattoo of BEST on some part of their body or the other. The word indicates that their gang is the best in the vicinity or may be the best in the world. The gang members have to follow strict rules in order to be gang members, they are restricted from making use of any hard drug like crack cocaine. If the gang members violate the rules of the gang, they are usually beaten up for 18 seconds for minor offences and executed for serious breach of the rules. The 18th street gang recruits young children and this practice is really bad in short term as well as long term. Thus this gang is often called Children's Army because of their practice of recruiting young children. The gang members expertise in drug trafficking, making illegal documents, exchange of arms and other serious criminal activities. US lead in terms of the financial loss incurred by a country because of criminal activities. There are so many gangs in the US which operate depending on the area

Growing Crime Problem of Juvenile Delinquency Essay

Growing Crime Problem of Juvenile Delinquency - Essay Example We can then make a speculation on the future and offer recommendations to confront this unique challenge. In the last 200 years in the United States, children have held a special status within the framework of the law. However, the age at which they were considered juveniles has been subject to change over the years. In the early 1800s, most children that we consider to be juveniles today were treated as adults under the law. As late as 1827, a child at the age of 10 was considered to be of age to accept full adult criminal responsibility under the law in Illinois (Ferro 2003 p.3). In fact, the term 'delinquency' did not appear in US law until the turn of the twentieth century as social upheaval transformed our urban areas and juvenile crime became more prevalent and problematic. During this period, industrialization had brought people together in large urban areas from all over the country and the world seeking employment in the newly established factories in cities such as Chicago, New York, and Detroit. Social pressures and poverty fueled rising crime in the general population. This rise in crime among adults was mirrored in the juvenile population. States have often held great authority over the handling of juvenile crime. Delinquents would often be relegated to poorhouses, county farms, or reform schools. But by the 1920s, America was more cognizant of juvenile crime and its effect on the established social order. The move to the Sun Belt during the 1930s and 1940s magnified the problem in cities such as Los Angeles and Phoenix. Crime statistics from this period are largely fragmented and anecdotal. However, there was a concern among the population about the growing juvenile delinquency problem. President Herbert Hoover created the Wickersham Commission to investigate the rising crime rate. The report issued in 1931 found that, "...turf wars were being waged in America's large cities by rival criminal groups fighting for control of bootleg liquor distribution" (Ferro 2003 p.4). Gang crime and their influence on juveniles continues to dominate the juvenile delinquency issue. The post World War II era saw a beginning of the rise in adult crime that was echoed by juvenile delinquency. Access to media, technology, and mobility has contributed to the problem. Beginning in 1960, there was an increase in juvenile delinquency that peaked in the early 1990s (Ferro 2003 p.4). However, beginning in 1980 there was also a rapid escalation in the violence of juvenile crime and the reported incidents of gang activity and guns. Between 1978 and 1993 violent crime by juveniles rose 79% and the murders committed by juveniles soared by 177% (Levitt 1998 p.1156). Though the overall juvenile crime rate has gone down in recent years, the rates of more serious and violent crimes have not seen as dramatic of a decline. According to statistics complied by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, from 2001-2005 the total violent crime rate among juveniles has dropped, but forcible rape has not experienced the same decline (Sourcebook of criminal justice statistics 2006). Much of the pr evalence of violent juvenile crime has come as a result of, or can be attributed to, gang activity (Ferro 2003 p.5). Juveniles in contact with gang members, whether peers or family members, may emulate their activity even though they may not be a member of a gang. In

Hong Kong Fitness Essay Example for Free

Hong Kong Fitness Essay â€Å"We expect to be opening our newest center in Causeway bay which has the largest staff of any center. They will provide the greatest service and suitable advices of gym to our members, helping them get fit faster and stay fit longer. I believe that it would be the best and one of a kind gymnasium in Hong Kong,† said Joyce Ng, CEO of Hong Kong Fitness. â€Å"We are pleased to be the guests of ribbon cutting and have opportunity to visit this 1,000 square-meter gym,† said by James Lane and Betty Tang. After speech, visitors can visit the facilities and join free yoga classes. The center has dedicated areas for training and yoga classes. Visitors can also try advanced electronic fitness equipment out, such as running machine and exercise bike. The newest center provides over 18 training and yoga classes, such as jazzercise, boxing and dance classes, opening 24hours a day, 7 days a week. It is convenient to people who are busy in the daytime. Personal training, nutrition and health care planning, babysitting services are also available. About Hong Kong Fitness Established in April, 2010, Hong Kong Fitness is the most popular fitness club in Asia and presently has over 188 locations in 15 Asian cities. The mission of Hong Kong Fitness is to promote health and wellness in the community. Hong Kong Fitness not only offers a variety of health and fitness programs, but also has advanced electronic fitness equipment in order to helps its members to get fit faster and stay fit longer.

sarah bernhardt :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sarah Bernhardt was one of the stage’s most admired actresses. She was born in Paris, France where she became a star and later traveled the world touring. Bernhardt didn’t start out as the best but did rise to the success she is known for today. She was known for her romantic looks and her melodious voice, her natural acting style and sometimes her tempestuous attitude. Bernhardt lived quite a life, from her many famous lovers, her fabulous clothing, and her travels performing on stages all over the world and even becoming a star of silent movies. She was what we know today as a â€Å"drama queen† in many ways. She wasn’t successful right away, but did rise to her stardom. As stated in The Divine Sarah, even Sigmund Freud who saw her in a performance (Sardou’s Theodora) has said â€Å"†¦I believed at once everything she said†¦, it is incredible what postures she can assume and how every limb and joint acts with her.â⠂¬    Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sarah Bernhardt was born Henriette Rosine Bernard in 1844 to women named Julie Bernard, who was of Jewish descent and little is known about her father. What is known about her mother, is that she was a legendary courtesan and was rarely home, and when she was home, there were always rich men around. Sarah was a wild child who, when she wasn’t sick, did what she wanted and threw many temper tantrums. Her mother wanted Sarah to follow in her footsteps and entertain men for money, the idea made Sarah sick (although later she learned that there is a thin line between acting and prostituting), she told her mom she was to become a nun. That all changed when she saw Racine’s Britannicus at the Comedie Francaise. She planned on attending the Conservatoire, and in 1860 she did where she was trained for two years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1862, at the age of 18 she made her first debut as the lead in Racine’s Iphigenie. Sarah often suffered from stage fright and her dire performance received some bad reviews. According to Gold and Fizdale, Francisque Sarcey, Paris’s most powerful critic, was quoted to say â€Å"[she] is remarkably beautiful. She carries herself well and pronounces her words with perfect clarity. That is all that can be said at the moment.† Her next appearance was in Scribe’s Valerie which was virtually unnoticed, and her third debut in Moliere’s Les Femmes Savantes was not any better.

Corporate Communication Problems & Solutions Essay

The definition of communication in language dictionaries have not changed much with time, however the tools, means and mediums used by a normal person have rapidly evolved. Spoken words combined with body language perhaps were the first means of communication used by mankind, but in today’s digital world the same has translated into written text supported with emotion icons and colorful pictures or videos, thanks to the internet. Furthermore, with the easy access to social media tools such as Facebook and Twitter; people are now having the power of mass communication at their fingertips making them able to share a message with thousands of people at no time, absolutely without any efforts. From the above general introduction, it can be realised that we live in an over communicated world with tons of irrelevant messages floating around diverting our focus and attention to areas that may not have any importance to us. The challenge may not be noticed in the personal life but is surely a trouble when it comes to corporate environment. â€Å"Time is money. † (Franklin), this was a statement once said by a famous politician who lived back in the 18th century, but it still is very much valid today and defiantly maybe much more expensive than Franklin himself thought it would be. Every business exists to make profit by doubling, tripling or quadrupling their dollars and one of the main earing keys is keeping the firm’s cost under control hence fully utilising employees’ time and ensuring the highest levels of efficiency. The above may not be the right message a business owner would wish to deliver to his employees, but would defiantly want to implement an effective and productive work environment where every employee knows, understands and lives the firm’s strategy and mission statement. This is only achieved when a proper commination channel is in place within an organization which many companies in the corporate world strive to have or implement. Communication problems in corporates are many, but to start with I will refer to a statement by a famous Irish dramatist who lived is the last century: â€Å"The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place. † (Shaw) The above statement enlightens us to a major communication problem where the initiator simply thinks that his message is delivered, understood or even auctioned by the recipients which could lead to issues no one have anticipated. Such illusions could be turned into reality simply if the initiator is making sure to request an acknowledgment from the receiver. On the other side, as identified by Arnold Anderson, language barriers can sometime occur in a multinational environment which may become another communication problem. Although a diverse workplace has several benefits for the business, such as verity to of solutions to company issues and insight to international markets, but considering that organization is made of people from different countries, cultures and ethics will add up to the language barrier and slow communication or create miss understanding that will eventually make communication ineffective. In such cases, the best solution is to assure that an official business language i. . English, is fluently spoken by all employees and a cultural training and communication policy is taught to new joiners of the organization. Furthermore, with the born of the digital environment, most –if not all- work related documents and communications are now e-mail based which has many benefits such as documenting every conversation, easiness to contact any person, no distance barrier and instant, however â€Å"Every Rose Has Its Thorn†. (Poison, 1988) One of the biggest challenges that came to exist with e-mail communication is the habit of avoiding face-to-face talks. Many employees are used to get stuck to their seats for 8 hours a day and all they do is send mails back and forth. This causes huge lack of collaboration between different units and people resulting to lack of teamwork hence lower productivity in the organisation. This problem may grow from a few people’s habits to a general organisation culture issue thus it has to be addressed intensely. There is no quick solution to such issue, but one of good initiatives I saw in our company was Face-Mail day. This people department in our company started to encourage all employees to use face mail instead of e-mails every Wednesday. The initiative was very much appreciated by employees and did show positive results as time passed by. In conclusion, the corporate environment will always have communication problems even if all employees were replaced by robots; however, the organisation should always set its priority to keep effects of this issue as low as possible by implanting a communication policy, encouraging face mail, assuring that hired employees are fluent in business language and by continuing communicating the objective of the company and its long-term strategy.

Interview of a Famous Actor

INTERVIEW AB: Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen. Today we have the honor to welcome a very special guest: your favourite TV-show actor, Hugh Laurie. So, Hugh, let me first ask you why you were attracted by House’s character. Because it is such an outstanding character†¦ AH: Well, it’s a long story†¦ At first, I was unwilling to play House, and I wanted to interpret Wilson, House’s best friend in the hospital. Indeed, I thought that House’s personnality didn’t fit with mine. But when I was asked to play House, I realized that, in fact, I had several points in common with him.For instance, both of us are sadist and sarcastic. AB: What a coincidence! But I can tell you that you did a good choice because nowadays House is one of the most popular TV shows in the world. Hum, I have another question for you: was it difficult to combine shootings and family life? AH: Actually, it was very difficult from 2006 to 2008 because while my family lived i n West America, the shooting took place in East America. This caused problems when I had to â€Å"settle† in California for 6 months.But now my family lives in LA so it is much better for all of us. AB: You seem to have a complicated organization. Now I’d like to finish this interview with more personnal questions asked by your fans on Twitter. So, first, what is your favorite TV show? AH: Well, I’d say that my favourite TV show is prison break. It is an Action-packed serial with fascinating actors. I recommend it to every TV show lover. AB: Okay! Then your fans asked you whether or not you have learnt about medecine while playing house?For example, if I tell you that I’ve got very big pain around my heart, what would you say? AH: Well, I am not exactly sure but in accordance with what I know, I would say that you should go to the Operating Room right now if you don’t want to die from myocardial infarction. AB: Waouh! Do you think you know as much as a doctor about medecine? AH: Absolutely not. I only know a few names of illnesses and of medecines, but no more than that. AB: Right. Thank you Hugh for coming here. I’ll take your advice and I’ll watch Prison Break.

Oral Communication Essays - Communication, Human Communication

Oral Communication Essays - Communication, Human Communication Oral Communication Once viewed as two separate disciplines, business and communication, have now meshed together to produce a hybrid business environment in which the everyday functions of business are intimately tied to communication (Pincus, 1997). Communication in the business world is imperative for success. This holds true for interpersonal communication, communication between management and staff, and for practically every other contact a business has, both within its own establishment and the outside world. Effective communication is critical for the success of any organization. Through the use of proper communication skills, individuals will be better able to function as a group, thus allowing organizations to share information, analyze situations and to set goals (Nelton, 1995). Communicating properly among peers improves an individuals all around skills. The more successfully a business functions the better it enables employees to perform jobs better. Managers pass on information and train subordinates more effectively, and in general a business has a better chance of profiting. In todays turbulent economic environment and rapid technological change, communication is critical in allowing a business to deal with the restructuring of national and international economies, in preventing market saturation, and in allowing a business to deal with their competitors more effectively (Nelton, 1995, PG). Cushman and King (1997) have proposed the high speed management to describe this new busin ess environment. They emphasize the importance of communication in this theory and conclude that: In the final analysis it is the innovative, adaptable, flexible, efficient, and rapid use of information and communication which allows an organization to reorient rapidly and successfully in a volatile business environment. Another very important factor in the changing business environment is that of globalization (Nelton, 1995). It is very evident when we look at the current state of world affairs that our world is becoming a smaller place. We now have overnight delivery of packages, email communication and the ever so popular cellular communication. Globalization and increased international business can be directly attributed to mass media and mass transit. With new technologies such as videophone, Internet chat and Internet meeting rooms the thought of globalization becomes a reality for even the smallest of companies. The concept of globalization sometimes approaches this change as being one which either should or will result in a complete homogenization of culture and the formation of a unified global community. At the very least globalization will result in a number of distinct border cultures, which are hybrids of interacting cultures. What this means is that the savvy business person not only ha s to be prepared to communicate with those of his or her own culture but also with other cultures (Nelton, 1995). Many obvious precipitators of this increased business contact between the worlds cultures can be attributed to this globalization phenomenon. One of the reasons is international agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement. The North American Free Trade Agreement was initiated between the United States, Canada, and Mexico on January 1, 1994. This agreement referred to as the trade agreement has had a huge impact on exchange of material and cultural goods between the United States and other nations in North America as well as on the degree of business communication which occurs between these countries. Increased business diversity is not only occurring because of factors such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is also occurring because of a greater number of cultures within business itself. Women in the workplace are also making the work force more diversified and increasing the need for more effective communication skills (Nelton, 1995). It is an acknowledged fact that conversational styles and communication skills vary between cultures and genders (Nelton, 1995). It has been noted regarding the increased business contact between cultures as a result of globalization; increased diversity in the workplace itself, whether through the presence of an increased number of cultures or through the presence of a greater number of women; businesses must now devote greater amounts of effort toward communication in recognition of the different communication styles which exist (Nelton, 1995). Deborah Tannen, author of Talking from Nine to Five states: Each individual has a unique style, influenced by a personal history of many influences such as geographic region, ethnicity, class, sexual

Automated Testing of Distributed and Heterogeneous - Free Samples

Various healthcare organizations are now working with a huge chunk of data. The database is consisted of this chunks of data organized in a proper manner. The information is derived from the data that are collected by the system. The Information System is the piece of technology that assist an organization to manage the data and process the data to generate information. The information system also responsible for generating reports based on information that assist the management and doctors to take decision precisely. The report is consisted of discussion on two subsystems of the James Healthcare Organization. The sequence diagrams have been developed based on the patient registration sub system and appointment scheduling sub system. The report also provide the ways of modifying the designs to make it more effective.   James Healthcare Center is a renowned organization that operates its business based on twelve thousand patients and four hundred and fifty staff. The owner of the organization is currently thinking of opening a new center that will consists of all the modern medical facilities. The organization provide insurance coverage to its employees. The need of the modern technology and information system is required to support the business growth. The new system will be replacing the old paper based processes of the organization. The office manager supervises all the employees of the organization. The HR handles the staff benefit and human resources. Lee Sue is responsible for managing the appointments of the healthcare. He has to maintain the appointment related data single handedly. This is a critical and effortful process. The possibility of errors is very high. The patient registration is s crucial process as it is consisting of the data that will identify the patient. The project will be developed using the agile methodology where the organization will be able to develop the system based on the prototype development. The designs of the project is created on the OO design. The system will be responsible for making the reports for management so that they can facilitate the decision making. The clinical decision making system will be integrated into the system so that clinical treatment decisions can be taken properly. Electronic Medical Record is the data storing technology that will hold the patient treatment related data. The EMR will hold the patient details, diagnosis details and its results, the test reports, the doctors who are providing treatment, the medicines that are prescribed to the patient and the effect of the medicines and much more. The project is consisted of various parts and development of various subsystems. These subsystems will be developed individually and then bined to create the plete system. The system will be running on a single server. The project will be developed using various programing languages. Database that can store business and patient health related data for a very long time. The ERM will be integrated into the system to hold the patient health and treatment related data. A CDSS or clinical decision support system that can facilitate the decision making process of the system.   The deliverable of the project are as following. The main constraint of the project is designing of the system. The system design is based on the ou e of the requirement analysis process. If any issues occurs in the requirement analysis process then the system project will fail. Managing the change in the organization is a considerable issue. The main requirements of the system are human resource, support of the stakeholders, programing language, database, network and many more. The programming language is used for making the GUI and the backend coding of the system. The functionalities of the system will be developed using the programming language. The data base will allow the system to hold the data in a secure location. The database has to be accessed through a predefined queries based on the database type. The deigning software is a crucial requirement of the project. The software will be used for designing the system functions and interactions with the end users. The software form third parties and the hardware to setup the system are also significant requirements of the system. The system network will be developed using the wireless method. All the client devices of the network will be connected using the Wi-Fi.   The advantages of the project are as following. Figure 1: Patient Registration Subsystem Sequence Diagram   Verification and Analysis: The sub-system design has been done using the system sequence diagram. The diagrams has been done properly to establishing a fine understanding of the sub-system processes. At the beginning, the patient will open the application or website (which is no concern of the report) and enter the details. The details will be consisting of the data like patient personal data such as name, address, spouse, age, email address, phone number and many more. It is to be assumed that a patient may want to open various accounts on the system to cheat the organization or may forgot he has one existing. In such cases, the system will verify all the details provided by the patient to ensure that the patient does not have any previous account. The patient will input the id and password of his wish to the system so that using the id and password the patient can later login to the system. The system will then read the inputted registration details and convert it into the machine readable values. The system will be developed using the object oriented language like java, python or any other. The system development will be based upon the OO designs. The designs have to be as per the proposed scope of the system. The designs will be created using the user data that are provided during the requirement analysis process. In this diagram the patient has been the actor who will trigger the system functionalities. The patient object will trigger the registration function mentioned as the `register()` in the diagram. The register function will be acting upon the defined variables which will be initialized based upon the user input. The variables will then be used by the system to verify user and register patient after success verification. The system design has been done with pleteness as it is consist of all the processes that are required to register the patient. It is mon in the healthcare industry that a patient ing from a doctor who has been providing treatment to the patient. The system will hold the data of the doctor so that it can be used for future decision making purpose. The system will be storing the daises of the patient that is already known so that assistance can be provided during treatment. The EMR will hold the data like to which medicines the patient has allergy and more. As this data will be recorded during diagnosis, these data will not be considered at this sub-system development.   Figure 1: Patient Registration Subsystem Sequence Diagram Verification and Analysis: The payment registration will also be done by only the interaction of the patent. No receptionist or other staff of member will be handling the appointment process anymore. The system will hold the appointment related data into the system and based on these data and patient desired appointment details, the new appointment will be scheduled. The system will be collecting the data form the patient through the GUI provided to him/her. The patient will access the system and login to the system using id and password. A session will initiate and the patient id will be used for storing the activities. The patient will request for appointment through the schedule appointment section in the GUI. The user will input the date desired for appointment and the type of the specialist. Selecting the physician is based upon the system it is not up to the patient. After getting all the data from the user, the system will retrieve data from the database. These data will be about the appointment scheduled the preferred day against the selected physician type. If the system fids that the appointment data is vacant in that day then the appointment will be scheduled and if not then the system finds for an alternative day. The patient will select an alternative date. After the patient select the alternative day, a notification will appear in the screen saying the ‘Appointment will be confirm. Are you sure of the date?’ If the patient select ok then the system will confirm the appointment against the patient. The system sequence diagram did not include any information regarding the verification process. Each of the data must be verified so that only authenticated data can be inserted into the system. The sequence diagram can be developed by dividing all the processes into the sub-processes so that all the system functions can be understood properly. Form the above report it can be concluded that the system development process can be difficult task but if done properly then can invite many opportunities for JHC. The system sequence diagram has been a great tool to show the functions of the patient registration and appointment scheduling sub-system. Baresi, L., Pourhashem Kallehbasti, M. M., & Rossi, M. (2014). Flexible modular formalization of UML sequence diagrams. In Proceedings of the 2nd FME Workshop on Formal Methods in Software Engineering (pp. 10-16). ACM. Cerqueira, T. G., Ramalho, F., & Marinho, L. B. (2016). A Content-Based Approach for R mending UML Sequence Diagrams. In SEKE (pp. 644-649). Chitra, M. T., & SHERLY, E. (2016). Verification of behavior preservation in uml sequence diagrams using graph models. Indian journal of puter science and engineering, 7(4), 1-6. Dao, V. T., Hung, P. N., & Nguyen, V. H. (2016). A Method for Automated Test Cases Generation from Sequence Diagrams and Object Constraint Language for Concurrent Programs. VNU Journal of Science: puter Science and munication Engineering, 32(3). Dou, L., Lu, L., Zuo, Y., & Yang, Z. (2014). Verification of UML Sequence Diagrams in Coq. In puter Engineering and Networking (pp. 1233-1244). Springer, Cham. El Ahmar, Y., Le Pallec, X., & Gà ©rard, S. (2016). Empirical Activity: Assessing the Perceptual Properties of the Size Visual Variation in UML Sequence Diagram. In HuFaMo@ MoDELS (pp. 33-43). Faria, J. P., & Paiva, A. C. (2016). A toolset for conformance testing against UML sequence diagrams based on event-driven colored Petri nets. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer, 18(3), 285-304. Jena, A. K., Swain, S. K., & Mohapatra, D. P. (2015). Test case creation from UML sequence diagram: a soft puting approach. In Intelligent puting, munication and Devices (pp. 117-126). Springer, New Delhi. Kaur, B., & Kaur, E. H. (2015). Clone Detection in UML Sequence Diagrams Using Token Based Approach. International Journal, 5(5). Lima, B., & Faria, J. P. (2015, July). Automated Testing of Distributed and Heterogeneous Systems Based on UML Sequence Diagrams. In International Conference on Software Technologies (pp. 380-396). Springer International Publishing. Minhas, N. M., Qazi, A. M., Shahzadi, S., & Ghafoor, S. (2015). An Integration of UML Sequence Diagram with Formal Specification Methods—A Formal Solution Based on Z. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 8(08), 372. Mohapatra, D. P., Godbley, S., & Dutta, A. (2017). Measuring Hit ratio of Software Systems using UML Sequence Diagram. Muram, F. U., Tran, H., & Zdun, U. (2016, December). A model checking based approach for containment checking of uml sequence diagrams. In Software Engineering Conference (APSEC), 2016 23rd Asia-Pacific (pp. 73-80). IEEE. Rhmann, W., & Saxena, V. (2016). Test Case Generation from UML Sequence Diagram for Aadhaar Card Number based ATM System. system, 11(4). Silva, C. V., & Villarroel, R. (2014, November). JPI UML: UML class and sequence diagrams proposal for aspect-oriented JPI applications. In Chilean puter Science Society (SCCC), 2014 33rd International Conference of the (pp. 120-123). IEEE. Song, J., Zhou, Z., & Guan, Y. (2015). Agent UML sequence diagram and meta-model. American Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 15(1).

5 positive and 5 negative ways companies who have faced harassment Article

5 positive and 5 negative ways companies who have faced harassment cases have handled them - Article Example Besides the products, the focus has also been on the growth of these companies. The competition between Apple and Samsung has been elevated with each of them keen to its philosophy. Apple Inc philosophy is to design quality products to the market while Samsung is to remain competitively active. Samsung have lost a lot of money that have been awarded to Apple Inc. Apple has also lost a lot of money that was awarded to Apple for violating the company’s patent. Apple succeeded only on two patents. The reputations of the two companies have been dented with constant court scrabbles. Apple won in their litigation against Samsung by that damaging Samsungs reputation slightly. Apple too was found to have copied some of the Samsung patents. Apple found to have violated one of the Samsung patents. However, the company is still free to sell the infringed devices to both the local market as well as other markets ( Hitt, Ireland, ‎Hoskisson,